Key Characteristics of Thunder

 Thunder is the loud sound produced by the rapid expansion and contraction of air surrounding a lightning bolt. When lightning occurs, it heats the air to extremely high temperatures (up to 30,000°C or 54,000°F) in a fraction of a second. This sudden heating causes the air to expand explosively, creating a shockwave that we hear as thunder.


Key Characteristics of Thunder:

  1. Cause: Generated by lightning discharges during thunderstorms.

  2. Sound: Can range from a sharp crack (close lightning) to a low rumble (distant lightning).

  3. Speed: Sound travels slower than light, so thunder is heard after the lightning is seen (~3 seconds per kilometer or ~5 seconds per mile).

  4. Variations:

    • Rolling thunder occurs when sound waves reflect off terrain and clouds.

    • Thunderclaps are sudden, loud bursts from nearby lightning.

Why Does Thunder Sound Different?

  • Distance: Nearby thunder is a sharp bang, while distant thunder rumbles due to sound waves traveling farther and bouncing off obstacles.

  • Lightning Shape: The zigzag path of lightning creates multiple thunder sound waves that blend together.


Safety Note:

If thunder follows lightning within 30 seconds, the storm is close (about 10 km or 6 miles away), and you should seek shelter immediately.


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